Chse +2 science syllabus for annual exam in 2021
Revised
Syllabus for The session 2020-21
CHEMISTRY
For
1st year Science
Unit
I: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
Atomic and molecular masses and equivalent mass of elements, acid,
base, and salt. Oxidants, reductions, and mole concept and molar mass,
percentage composition, empirical and molecular formula, chemical reactions,
stoichiometry and calculations based on stoichiometry, expression of
concentration of solutions.
Unit
II: Structure of Atom
Atomic number, isotopes, isobars, Rutherford’s model and its
limitations, Bohr’s model and its limitations, concept of shells and subshells,
dual nature of matter and light, de Broglie’s relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty
principle, concept of orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p and d orbitals,
rules for filling electrons in orbitals – Aufbau principle, Pauli’s exclusion
principle and Hund’s rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half
filled and fully filled orbitals.
Unit
III: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
Modern periodic law and the present form of periodic table, periodic
trends in properties of elements atomic radii ionic radii, inert gas radii,
Ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valency and
oxidation state. Nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater than 100.
Unit
IV : Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Valence electrons, ionic bond, covalent bond; bond parameters, Lewis
structure, polar character of covalent bond, covalent character of ionic bond,
valence bond theory, resonance, geometry of covalent molecules, VSEPR theory,
concept of hybridization, involving s, p and d orbitals and shapes of some molecules,
molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea
only), hydrogen bond.
Unit
V : States of Matter : Gases and Liquids
Role of gas laws in elucidating the concept of the molecule, Boyle’s
law, Charles law, Gay Lussac’s law, Avogadro’s law, ideal behaviour, empirical
derivation of gas equation, Avogadro’s number, ideal gas equation. Deviation
from ideal behaviour liquefaction of gases, critical temperature, kinetic
energy and molecular speeds (elementary idea).
Unit
VI : Chemical Thermodynamics
Concepts of System and surroundings and types of system, surroundings,
work, heat, energy, extensive and intensive properties, state functions. First
law of thermodynamics - Internal energy and enthalpy. Hess’s law of constant
heat summation, enthalpy of bond dissociation, combustion, formation,
neutralization, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, ionization,
solution and dilution, Second law of
Thermodynamics (brief introduction). Introduction of entropy as a
state function, Gibb’s energy change for spontaneous and non-spontaneous
processes, criteria for equilibrium. Third law of thermodynamics (Statement
only).
Unit
VII : Equilibrium
Equlibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of
equlibrium, law of mass action, equilibrium constant (Kc, Kp and Kx and their
relationship), factors affecting equilibrium, Le- Chatelier’s principle, ionic
equilibrium, ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes,
degree of ionization, concept of PH, hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea),
buffer solution, Henderson Equation, solubility, product, common ion effect
(with illustrative examples) numerical problems.
Unit
VIII : Redox Reaction
Concept of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number,
balancing redox reactions, in terms of loss and gain of electrons and change in
oxidation number.
Unit
IX : Hydrogen
Position of hydrogen in periodic table, occurrence, isotopes,
preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen, hydrides-ionic, covalent and
interstitial; physical and chemical properties of water, heavy water and use of
hydrogen as a fuel.
Unit
X : s-Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals)
Group
1 and Group 2 Elements
General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, anomalous,
properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationship, trends in
the variation of properties (such as ionization enthalpy, atomic and ionic
radii), trends in chemical reactivity with oxygen and halogens, uses.
Unit
XI : Some p- Block Elements
General
Introduction to p- Block Elements
Group
13 Elements : General
introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of properties,
oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous properties of first
element of the group, Boron -physical and chemical properties.
Group
14 Elements : General introduction,
electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of properties, oxidation
states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous behaviour of first elements.
Carbon-catenation, allotropic forms, physical and chemical properties; uses of some
important compounds: oxides. Important compounds of Silicon, Silicones,
Zeolites and their uses.
Unit
XII : Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Technique
General introduction, classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic
compounds. Electronic displacements in a covalent bond, inductive effect,
electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation. Homolytic and heterolytic
fission of a covalent bond free radicals, carbocations, carbanions,
electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions.
Unit
XIII : Hydrocarbons
Classification of Hydrocarbons Aliphatic Hydrocarbons :
Alkanes - Nomenclature, isomerism, conformation (ethane only), methods
of preparation from unsaturated hydrocarbons, alkyl halides, carboxylic acids
(Decarboxylation and Kolbes electrolytic method), physical properties, chemical
reactions: including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion,
controlled oxidation, isomerisation, aromatisation, with steam and pyrolysis. Alkenes
- Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, methods
of preparation from alkynes, alkyl halides, vicinal dihalides, alcohols,
physical properties, chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen, water,
hydrogen halides, sulphuric acid (Markownikoff’s addition and peroxide effect),
ozonolysis, oxidation, polymerisation and mechanism of electrophilic addition
reaction. Alkynes - Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), methods of
preparation, from calcium carbide, vicinal dihalides, physical properties,
chemical reactions : acidic character of alkynes, addition of hydrogen,
halogens, hydrogen halides, water, and polymerisation. Aromatic Hydrocarbons :
Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature, benzene : resonance, aromaticity, preparation
of benzene from acetylene, phenol and aromatic acids, chemical properties:
mechanism of electrophilic substitution, nitration, sulphonation, halogenation,
Friedel Craft’s alkylation and acylation, addition of hydrogen, addition of
chlorine, combustion.
CHEMISTRY
(PRACTICAL)
+2,
1st Year Science
(Detailed
syllabus)
Experiments
:
1.
Basic Laboratory Techniques : (Non-evaluative)
a) Bunsen burner (different parts and their functions)
b) Chemical balance - weighing with chemical balance by equal
oscillation method.
c) Cutting and bending of glass tube, drawing jet and boring a cork.
2.
Crystallisation :
Preparation of CuSO4, 5H2O crystal from CuCO3.
3.
Qualitative Analysis :
a) Identification of acid radicals :
Radicals : CO3 2-, SO3 2--, S2-, NO2-, Cl-, Br-, l-, NO3-, SO42-- & PO43-.
b) Identification of Basic Radicals :
Radicals : Ag+, Pb2+, Hg2 2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Bi3+, As3+, Sb3+, Sn2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, NH4+, Mg2+ , K+ and Na+ (Dry Tests
only).
4.
Volumetric Analysis :
Single titration of acids and bases (three experiments to be done; one
on direct determination of
normality of one of the solutions from that of the other and the other
two, involving numerical calculations)
QUESTION
PATTERN AND DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS
CHEMISTRY
(PRACTICAL)
+2, 1st year Science
Full
Mark : 30 Time : 3 Hrs
1.
Salt analysis (Acid radical) - - 10 marks
Dry
Test - 04 mark
Wet
Test - 06 mark
2.
Crystallisation /
Single titration –10 marks
3. Viva-Voce - - 06 marks
4. Record - - 04 marks
CHEMISTRY
for
2nd year Science
Unit
I: Solid State
Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular,
ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids
(elementary idea). Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices,
calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency,
voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects.
Unit
II: Solutions
Types of solutions, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions,
colligative properties, relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s law,
elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure,
determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, Abnormal
colligative properties (Preliminary idea only).
Unit
III: Electrochemistry
Electrolytes and non-electrolyte conductor, conductance in
electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variation of
conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s law, electrolysis and laws of
electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells,
EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its
application to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and emf of
a cell.
Unit
IV: Chemical Kinetics
Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate
of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst, order and molecularity of a
reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and
half life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept of collision
theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), Activation energy,
Arrhenius equation.
Unit
V: Surface Chemistry
Adsorption - physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting
adsorption of gases on solids, catalysts, colloidal state distinction between
true solutions, colloids and suspension; lyophilic, lyophobic, multimolecular
and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian
movement, electrophoresis, coagulation, emulsion - types of emulsions.
Unit
VI: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
Principles and methods of extraction - concentration, oxidation,
reduction – electrolytic method and refining.
Unit
VII: p - Block Elements
Group15
Elements: General
introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in
physical and chemical properties; nitrogen preparation properties & uses; compounds
of nitrogen, preparation and properties of ammonia, oxides of nitrogen (Structure
only); Phosphorus – allotropic forms.
Group
16 Elements: General
introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in
physical and chemical properties, dioxygen: Preparation, Properties and uses,
classification of oxides, Ozone, Sulphur allotropic forms; compounds of
sulphur: Preparation properties and uses of sulphur dioxide, sulphuric acid,
properties and uses; oxoacids of sulphur (Structures only).
Group
17 Elements: General
introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in
physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens, Preparation properties
and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds, oxoacids of
halogens (structure only).
Group
18 Elements: General
introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and
chemical properties, uses.
Unit
VIII: d and f Block Elements
General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and
characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first
row transition metals - metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation
states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties,
interstitial compounds, alloy formation.
Unit
IX: Coordination Compounds
Coordination compounds - Introduction, ligands, coordination number,
colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear
coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner’s theory, VBT and CFT.
Unit
X: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Haloalkanes:
Nomenclature,
nature of C-X bond, preparation from alcohols, halogenations of alkanes,
alkenes, Sandmeyer’s reaction, halogen exchange reaction, physical properties and
chemical properties, nucleophilic substitution reactions (unimolecular and
bimolecular), stereochemical effect of substitution reaction, elimination
reaction, Electrophilic substitution reactions (halogenations, nitration,
sulphonation), Friedel-Crafts reaction, reaction with metals (Wurtz Fittig and
Fittig reaction), optical rotation.
Haloarenes:
Nature of C - X
bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted
compounds only.
Unit
XI: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Alcohols:
Nomenclature,
methods of preparation, from alkenes, carbonyl compounds, Grignard reagent,
physical properties and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only),esterification,
reaction with (hydrogen halide, phosphorus trihalide Oxidation (identification of
primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols mechanism of dehydration).
Phenols:
Nomenclature,
methods of preparation from haloarenes, benzene sulphonic acid, diazonium salt,
cumene, physical properties and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol,
esterification, Electrophilic aromatic substitution (halogenations, nitration)
Reimer- Tiemann reaction, reaction with Zn dust, oxidation.
Eithers
:Nomenclature,
methods of preparation dehydration of alcohols, Williamson synthesis, physical
properties and chemical properties, formation of alcohols, Electrophilic substitution
( halogenations, nitration, Friedel-Craft reaction.
Unit
XII : Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
Aldehydes and Ketones : Nomenclature nature of carbonyl group methods
of preparation, from alcohols (oxidation and dehydrogenation), ozonolysis of
alkenes, hydration of alkynes, preparation of ketones from acyl chlorides and
nitriles, preparation of acetone by Friedel- Craft acylation reaction, physical
properties and chemical properties, nucleophillic addition reaction with
hydrogen cyanide, sodiumhydrogen sulphite, reaction with NH3 and NH2-G compounds (Hydrazine, hydroxyl amine,
semicarbazide, phenyl hydrazine, 2,4-dinitro phenylhydrazine), alcohol,
Grignard reagent, Clemmensen reaction, Wolff-Kishner reduction, Fehling’s Test,
Tollen’s Test, haloform reaction, Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro’s reaction, special
reaction of (formaldehyde with ammonia and acetone with concentrated sulphuric acid),
Electrophilic substitution reactions of aromatic aldehydes and ketones.
Carboxylic
Acids : Nomenclature,
acidic nature, methods of preparation, from primary alcohols, aldehydes,
anhydrides, esters, nitriles and Grignard reagent, preparation of benzoic acid
from toluene and benzanilide, physical properties, chemical properties,
reaction with (metals, alkalies, PCl3, PCl5, SOCl2, NH3), formation of
anhydride, esterification, reduction, decarboxylation, Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky
reaction. Substitution reaction of benzoic acid (nitration, bromination) uses.
Unit
XIII : Organic compunds containing Nitrogen
Amines : Nomenclature classification, structure, methods of
preparation, reduction of (nitrocompounds, nitriles, amides) amonolysis of
alkyl halides, Hoffmann bromamide degradation, Gabriel phthalamide synthesis.
Physical properties and chemical proporties, basic character of amines,
alkylation, acylation, carbylamines reaction, identification of primary,
secondary and teritary amines (reaction with nitrous acid and arylsulphonyl chloride).
Electrophilic substitution reactions of aniline (nitration, sulphonation,
bromination). Cyanide and Isocyanides-will be mentioned at relevant
places in context.
Unit
XV: Polymers
Classification-Natural and synthetic methods of
polymerization(addition and condensation)co polymerization, some important
polymers, natural and synthetic like polythene, nylon, polyester, bakelite,
rubber, Biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers.
Unit
XVI : Chemistry in Everyday life
Chemical
in Medicines- Angesics,
traqulizers antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifungal, drugs,
antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines.
Cleansing
agents – Soap &
detergents, cleansing action
CHEMISTRY
(PRACTICAL)
+2, 2nd Year Science
(Detailed syllabus)
1.
Crystallisation
a) Preparation of Mohr’s Salt (FeSO4, (NH4)2SO4, 6H2O] crystal
b) Preparation of potash alum [K2Al2(SO4)3, 24H2O] crystal
2.
Quantitative Analysis :
Double
titration : Two
experiments to be done - i) one acid two alkalis double titration and
ii) two acids one alkali double titration.
3.
Qualitative Inorganic Analysis :
Wet
tests for basic radicals : Wet tests
for the following basic radicals be done.
Group-I basic radicals : Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+
Group-II basic radicals : Hg2+, Cu2+, Bi3+, As3+, Sb3+, Sn2+ & Sn4+
Group-IIIA basic radicals : Fe3+, Al3+ & Cr3+
Group-IIIB basic radicals : Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+ & Mn2+.
Group-IV basic radicals : Ba2+, Ca2+ & Sr2+.
Group-V basic radicals : NH4+, Mg2+, K+, Na+.
Identification of unknown basic radicals.
[For Identification of unknown basic radicals both dry and wet tests
are to be performed]
QUESTION
PATTERN AND MARKS DISTRIBUTION
CHEMISTRY
(PRACTICAL)
+2, 2nd year Science
Full
Mark : 30 Time : 3 Hrs
1.
Salt analysis (Identification of basic radical only) 10 marks
Dry Test -- 04 mark
Wet Test -- 06 mark
2. Crystallisation / Double Titration -- 10 marks
3. Viva-Voce - - 06 marks
4. Record - - 04 marks
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